Given an integer value, keep dividing it in half until the result 1.

Count how many times the result of dividing the number is an odd number. For example:

16 itself is not odd, so it isn't counted! 16 / 2 = 8, an even number, so we don't count it, but keep going...

8 / 2 = 4, an even number, so we don't count it, but keep going...

4 / 2 = 2, an even number, so we don't count it, but keep going...

2 / 2 = 1, although 1 is odd, we don't count it because this is our base case...

There were no odd values found along the way so we return 0!

But:

11 is odd, so it is counted! 11 / 2 = 5, an odd number, so we count another 1 and keep going...

5 / 2 = 2, and even number, so we don't count it, but keep going...

2 / 2 = 1, Even though 1 is odd, we don't count it because this is our base case...

There were two odd values found along the way so we return 2!